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Grammatical article in English language

The () is a grammatical commodity in English language, denoting persons or things already mentioned, under discussion, unsaid or otherwise presumed familiar to listeners, readers, or speakers. Information technology is the definite commodity in English. The is the well-nigh frequently used word in the English language; studies and analyses of texts accept establish information technology to business relationship for seven percent of all printed English-linguistic communication words.^[1] It is derived from gendered manufactures in Old English which combined in Middle English and at present has a unmarried form used with pronouns of whatever gender.^[a] The word can be used with both singular and plural nouns, and with a substantive that starts with any letter. This is different from many other languages, which have unlike forms of the definite article for different genders or numbers.

Pronunciation

In most dialects, "the" is pronounced as /ðə/ (with the voiced dental fricative /ð/ followed by a schwa) when followed by a consonant sound, and as /ðiː/ (homophone of pronoun thee) when followed by a vowel audio or used every bit an emphatic form.^[2]

Modern American and New Zealand English accept an increasing tendency to limit usage of /ðiː/ pronunciation and use /ðə/, fifty-fifty earlier a vowel.^{[3] [4]}

Sometimes the word "the" is pronounced /ðiː/, with stress, to emphasise that something is unique: "he is the proficient", not just "an" skillful in a field.

Adverbial

Definite article principles in English are described under "Use of articles". The, equally in phrases like "the more than the better", has a distinct origin and etymology and by chance has evolved to exist identical to the definite article.^[five]

Commodity

The and that are mutual developments from the same Old English arrangement. Onetime English had a definite article se (in the masculine gender), sēo (feminine), and þæt (neuter). In Middle English, these had all merged into þe, the antecedent of the Mod English language word the.^[6]

Geographic usage

An area in which the use or non-utilize of the is sometimes problematic is with geographic names:

• notable natural landmarks – rivers, seas, mount ranges, deserts, island groups (archipelagoes) and and so on – are more often than not used with a "the" definite commodity (the Rhine, the North Sea, the Alps, the Sahara, the Hebrides).
• continents, private islands, authoritative units and settlements mostly practise not take a "the" commodity (Europe, Jura, Austria (but the Republic of Austria), Scandinavia, Yorkshire (but the County of York), Madrid).
• offset with a common noun followed by of may take the commodity, as in the Isle of Wight or the Isle of Portland (compare Christmas Island), same applies to names of institutions: Cambridge University, only the University of Cambridge.
• Some place names include an article, such every bit the Bronx, The Oaks, The Rock, The Birches, The Harrow, The Rower, The Swan, The Valley, The Farrington, The Quarter, The Plains, The Dalles, The Forks, The Village, The Village (NJ), The Hamlet (OK), The Villages, The Village at Castle Pines, The Woodlands, The Pas, the Vatican, The Hyde, the West Cease, the East Cease, The Hague, or the Metropolis of London (merely London). Formerly e.g. Bath, Devizes or White Plains.^[7]
• generally described singular names, the Due north Isle (New Zealand) or the Due west Land (England), take an commodity.

Countries and territorial regions are notably mixed, virtually exclude "the" merely in that location are some that adhere to secondary rules:

• derivations from collective mutual nouns such as "kingdom", "republic", "union", etc.: the Central African Republic, the Dominican Republic, the United States, the United Kingdom, the Soviet Matrimony, the United Arab Emirates, including virtually country full names:^{[8] [9]} the Czechia (but Czechia), the Russian Federation (but Russia), the Principality of Monaco (but Monaco), the State of Israel (only Israel) and the Commonwealth of Commonwealth of australia (but Australia).^{[x] [11] [12]}
• countries in a plural substantive: the Netherlands, the Falkland Islands, the Faroe Islands, the Cayman Islands, the Philippines, the Comoros, the Maldives, the Republic of seychelles, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, and The Commonwealth of the bahamas.
• Singular derivations from "island" or "land" that concur authoritative rights – Greenland, England, Christmas Isle and Norfolk Island – do not have a "the" definite article.
• derivations from mountain ranges, rivers, deserts, etc., are sometimes used with an article, fifty-fifty for atypical, (the Lebanese republic, the Sudan, the Yukon, the Congo).^[13] This usage is in pass up, The Republic of the gambia remains recommended whereas use of the Argentine for Argentina is considered old-fashioned. Ukraine is occasionally referred to as the Ukraine, a usage that was common during the 20th century, but this is considered incorrect and possibly offensive in modern usage.^[fourteen] Sudan (but the Republic of the Sudan) and South Sudan (but the Republic of South Sudan) are written nowadays without the article.

Abbreviations

Since "the" is i of the almost frequently used words in English, at diverse times brusque abbreviations for it take been institute:

• Barred thorn: the primeval abbreviation, it is used in manuscripts in the Old English linguistic communication. It is the letter þ with a assuming horizontal stroke through the ascender, and it represents the discussion þæt, pregnant "the" or "that" (neuter nom. / acc.).
• þͤ and þͭ (þ with a superscript eastward or t) appear in Middle English language manuscripts for "þe" and "þat" respectively.
• yͤ and yͭ are adult from þͤ and þͭ and announced in Early Modern manuscripts and in print (see Ye grade).

Occasional proposals take been made by individuals for an abbreviation. In 1916, Legros & Grant included in their classic printers' handbook Typographical Press-Surfaces, a proposal for a letter similar to Ħ to represent "Th", thus abbreviating "the" to ħe.^[15]

In Center English, the (þe) was frequently abbreviated every bit a þ with a small e above information technology, similar to the abridgement for that, which was a þ with a pocket-size t above it. During the latter Middle English and Early Modernistic English periods, the letter thorn (þ) in its common script, or cursive form, came to resemble a y shape. Equally a issue, the use of a y with an e above information technology () as an abbreviation became common. This can yet be seen in reprints of the 1611 edition of the King James Version of the Bible in places such equally Romans 15:29, or in the Mayflower Meaty. Historically, the article was never pronounced with a y sound, even when and so written.

The discussion "The" itself, capitalised, is used as an abbreviation in Commonwealth countries for the honorific title "The Right Honourable", as in due east.g. "The Earl Mountbatten of Burma", short for "The Right Honourable Earl Mountbatten of Burma", or "The Prince Charles".^[xvi]

References

1. ^ Norvig, Peter. "English language Letter Frequency Counts: Mayzner Revisited".
2. ^ "the – definition". Merriam Webster Online Dictionary.
3. ^ Ladefoged, Peter; Johnson, Keith (2010). A Course in Phonetics (6th ed.). Boston: Wadsworth. p. 110.
4. ^ Hay, Jennifer (2008). New Zealand English language . Edinburgh: Edinburgh Academy Press. p. 44.
5. ^ "the, adv.1." OED Online. Oxford University Press, March 2016. Web. 11 March 2016.
6. ^ "The and That Etymologies". Online Etymology Lexicon . Retrieved 18 June 2015.
7. ^ "Why is it called The Hague?".
8. ^ "Countries: Designations and abbreviations to utilize".
9. ^ "FAO Country Profiles". world wide web.fao.org.
10. ^ "Using 'the' with the Names of Countries".
11. ^ "List of Countries, Territories and Currencies".
12. ^ "UNGEGN Globe Geographical Names".
13. ^ Swan, Michael How English language Works, p. 25
14. ^ Ukraine or "the Ukraine"? by Andrew Gregorovich, infoukes.com
15. ^ "Missed Opportunity for Ligatures".
16. ^ 'The Prefix "The"'. In Titles and Forms of Address, 21st ed., pp. 8–9. A & C Black, London, 2002.

Notes

1. ^ masculine, feminine, or neuter.

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Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The

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